Patents
Edited books
Chapters in Book
Publications (2000-current)
Publications ('91-'99)
Publications ('81-'90)
Publications (before '80)

Patent Issued:

·         Danforth, SC, Agarwalla, M, Bandyopadghyay, A, Langrana, NA, Jamalabad, V, Safari, AA, van Weeren, R, and Preideman, WR, " Solid Freeform Fabrication Methods", United States Patent No. 5,900,207, dated May 4, 1999.

·         Danforth, SC, Agarwala, M, Bandyopadghyay A, Langrana, NA, Jamalabad, V, Safari, AA, and van Weeren, R, " Solid Freeform Fabrication Methods", United States Patent No. 5,738,817, dated April 14, 1998.

·         Parsons, JR, Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Clemow, AJ, Chen, E. and Hawkins, M, "Functional and Biocompatible Intervertebral Disc Spacer Containing Elastomeric Material of Varying Hardness", United States Patent No. 5,545,229, dated August 13, 1996.

·         Burdea, GC and Langrana, NA, "Integrated Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System", United States Patent No. 5,429,140, dated July 4, 1995.

·         Parsons, JR, Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Clamow, AJ. and Chen, E., "Functional and Biocompatible Intervertebral Disc Spacer Containing Elastomeric Material of Varying Hardness", United States Patent No. 5,171,282, dated Dec. 15, 1992.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, Clemow, A., Chen, E. and Parsons, JR, "Functional and Biocompatible Intervertebral Disc Spacer", United States Patent No. 4,911,718, dated March 27, 1990.

Edited Books:

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Chapters in Books:

·         Yurke, B, Lin, DC, and Langrana NA, “Use of DNA Nanodevices in Modulating the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide Gels”, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3892, pp. 417 – 426, edited by Alessandra Carbone, and Niles A. Pierce, Publisher: Springer New York, 2006.

·         Langrana, NA. and Lee, CK., "Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion: Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations", Book Chapter in Seminars in Spine Surgery, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 172-181, Edited by Pope, M., W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, June 1998.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, and Vuono-Hawkins, M, " Artificial Intervertebral Disc Prosthesis", in The Text book of Spinal Surgery, Second Edition, Editor in Chief Bridwell KH and DeWald, RL, Lippincott-Raven Publisher, Chapter 121, pp. 2267-2274, 1997.

·         Langrana, N.A., Edwards T. and Sharma, M., " Biomechanical Analyses of Loads on the Lumbar Spine", Book Chapter in The Lumbar Spine, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4, Vol. 1, pp. 163-180, Edited by Sam Wiesel, W. B. Saunders Company, May 1996.

·         Langrana, N.A., Hawkins, M., Zimmerman, M., Lee, C.K. and Parsons, J.R., "Spinal Fusions: Past, Present and the Future", Book Chapter in Seminars in Spine Surgery, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 81-87, Edited by Pope, M., W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, March 1993.

·         Lee, C.K., Parsons, J.R., Langrana, N.A., and Zimmerman, M.C., " Scientific Basis: Relative Efficacy of the Artificial Disc vs Spinal Fusion", Book Chapter in Clinical Efficacy and Outcome in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain, pp 237-244, Edited by James Weinstein, Raven Press, 1992.

·         Lee, C.K., Langrana, N.A., Parsons, J.R. and Zimmerman, M.C., " Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc", Book Chapter in Adult Spine, pp 2007-2014, Edited by Frymoyer, J., Raven Press, 1991.

·         Lee, C.K., Langrana, N.A., Parsons, J.R. and Zimmerman, M.C., " Development of a Functional Disc Spacer (Artificial Disc)", Book Chapter in THE ARTIFICAL DISC, pp 79-84, Edited by Broc, M., Springer Verleg, Berlin, Germany, 1991.

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Refereed Articles in Journals (2000-Current):

·        Langrana, NA, Kale, SP, Edwards, WT, Lee, CK, and Kopacz, KJ, “Measurement and analyses of the effects of adjacent endplate curvatures on vertebral stresses”, The Spine Journal, 6:267-78, 2006.

·        Lee, CK and Langrana, NA,  “A Review of Spinal Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disease”, The Spine Journal, Volume 4, Pages S173-S176, 2004.

·        Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, and Yurke, B, “Force-displacement relationships for spherical inclusions in finite elastic media”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, 043510, February 2005.

·        Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, and Yurke, B, “Inducing reversible stiffness changes in DNA-crosslinked gels”, Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 20, pp.1456-164, June 2005.

·        Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, and Yurke, B, “Use of Rigid Spherical Inclusions in Young's Moduli Determination: Application to DNA-Crosslinked Gels”, J Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 127, pp. 571-579, 2005.

·        Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Langrana, NA, "Mechanical properties of a reversible gel, DNA-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel", J Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 126, pp. 104-110, 2004.

·        Langrana, NA, "Point of View for the article - Sitting with Adjustable Ischial and Back Supports: Biomechanical Changes, Mohsen Makhous, et al.", SPINE, Vol. 28, pp. 1121, 2003

·        Higgins, KB, Harten, RD, Langrana, NA, and Reiter, MF, "The Biomechanical Effects of Unipedicular Vertebroplasty on Intact Vertebrae", SPINE, Vol. 28, No.14, pp. 1540-47, 2003.

·        Langrana, NA, "Point of View for the article - Bone Ingrowth Fixation of Artificial Intervertebral Disc Consisting of Bioceramic Coated Three-Dimensional Fabric, Masahiko Takahata, et al.", SPINE, Vol. 28, pp. 644, 2003.

·        Qiu, D and Langrana, NA, "Void eliminating toolpath for extrusion-based multi-material layered manufacturing", Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 8, 38-45, January 2002

·        Langrana, NA, Harten, RD, Lin, DC, Reiter, MF, and Lee, CK, "Acute Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: A New View of Loading Mechanisms", SPINE, Vol. 27, pp. 498-508, 2002.

·        Wu, G, Langrana, NA, Sadanji, R., Stephen Danforth, SC, "Solid Freeform Fabrication of Metal powder Components using Fused Deposition of Metals ", The Journal of Materials and Design, Vol. 23, pp. 97-105, 2002.

·        Qiu, D, Langrana, NA, Danforth, S, Safari, A, and Jafari, M, "Intelligent Toolpath for Extrusion Based LM Process", Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 18-23, January 2001.

·        Jafari,MA, Han, W, Mohammadi, F, Safari, A, Danforth, SC, Langrana, NA, "A Novel System for Fused Deposition of Advanced Multiple Ceramics:, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 161-174, 2000.

·        Langrana, NA, "Point of View for the article – Influence of PLIF Cage Size on Lumbar Spine Stability, Goh, James CH, et al.", SPINE, Vol. 25, Number 1, pp. 40, 2000.

·        Langrana, NA, Qiu, D, Bossett, E, Danforth, SC, Jafari, M, and Safari, A, "Virtual Simulation and Video Microscopy for Fused Deposition Methods", invited in a special issue on Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling/Manufacturing, The Journal of Materials and Design, Vol. 21, pp. 75-82, 2000.

Other Publications (2000-current):

·        Jiang, X, Firestein, B, Du, TY, Shreiber, D, Rosenson-Schloss, R, Yurke, B and Langrana, NA, “Longer axons of spinal cord neuron on stiffer DNA cross linked hydrogels”, in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, June 2007.

·        Jiang, X, Li, B, Du, Y, Firestein, BL, Yurke, B, Chippada, U, Li, L, Shreiber, DI, Schloss, R, and Langrana, NA, “Design of DNA-Crosslinked Hydrogels For Neural Cell Study”, Page 180, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Chicago, MD, October 2006.

·        Sullivan, SR, Langrana, NA, and Sisto, SA, “Correlating Kinematics, Kinetics, And EMG In Wheelchair Propulsion In Normal And Paraplegic”, Page 290, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Chicago, MD, October 2006.

·        Chippada, U, Li, L, Zubok, A, Yurke, B, Jiang, X, Langrana, NA, Shreiber, DI, and Schloss, R, “A Non Intrusive Method To Obtain The Local Properties Of Soft And Hard Hydrogels”, Page 290, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Chicago, MD, October 2006.

·        Li, L, Chippada, U, Jiang X, Schloss, R, Yurke, B, Yarmush, M., and Langrana, NA, Effects Of Substrate Compliance On Hepatic Differentiation Of Embryonic Stem Cells”, Page 308, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Chicago, MD, October 2006.

·        Langrana, NA, Shreiber, DI, Jiang, X, Li, L, Schloss, R, Lin, DC, Firestein, B, and Yurke, B,“ DNA-crosslinked gel for spinal cord regeneration”, in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, June 2006.

·        Langrana, NA, Kale, SP, and Edwards, WT, “Effects of Vertebra; Bone endplate Curvature on Load Transmission”, in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, June 2006.

·        Li, L, Jiang X, Chippada, U, Yurke, B, Schloss, R, and Langrana, NA, “Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells on Dynamic Polyacrylamide Gels”, in the Proceedings of the 2006 Bioengineering Conference, Paper No. BIO2006-157398, ASME, Amelia Island, Florida, June 21-25, 2006.

·        Jiang, X, Du, Y, Firestein, BL, Shreiber, DI, Schloss, R, Yurke, B, Chippada, U, Li, L, and Langrana, NA, “Neural Cell Engineering Using a Polyacrylamide Hydrogel – A Preliminary Study”, in the Proceedings of the 2006 Bioengineering Conference, Paper No. BIO2006-157302, ASME, Amelia Island, Florida, June 21-25, 2006.

·        Chippada, U, Yurke, B, Shreiber, DI, Schloss, DI, Jiang, X, Li, L, and Langrana, NA, “Obtaining the Local Properties of soft Hydrogels Using Nonintrusive Methods”, in the Proceedings of the 2006 Bioengineering Conference, Paper No. BIO2006-156951, ASME, Amelia Island, Florida, June 21-25, 2006.

·        Sullivan, SR, Langrana, NA, and Sisto, SA, “Upper extremity Computational Muscle forces in Comparison with Subject electromyography”, in the Proceedings of the 2006 Bioengineering Conference, Paper No. BIO2006-157469, ASME, Amelia Island, Florida, June 21-25, 2006.

·        Sindall, D, Langrana, NA, and Cuitino, A, “Role of interstitial fluids in lumbar vertebral bone biomechanics”, in the Transactions of 51st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, page 1267, February 2005.

·        Langrana, NA, Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Watson, P, “Local and Global Mechanical Properties in DNA Crosslinked Gels”, in the Proceedings of 2nd Annual Conference on Foundations of Nanoscience: Self-assembled Architecture and Devices (FNANO05), Snowbird, Utah, April 2005.

·        Sullivan, SR, Langrana, NA and Sisto, S,  “Multibody computational biomechanical model of the upper body”, in the Proceedings of ASME IDETC/CIE 2005, Sept 2005, Long Beach, California

·        Sullivan, S, Langrana, NA, and Sisto, S, “A Patient-Specific Upper Body Computational Biomechanical Model”, Page 99, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 2005.

·        Sindall, DR, Langrana, NA, Cuitino, AC, “A Parametric Investigation On Osteoporotic Vertebral Bone Using A FEA Model”, Page 103, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 2005.

·        Langrana, NA, Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Watson, GP, “Altering DNA Crosslinked Gels Properties Without Changing The Environmental Conditions”, Page 291, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 2005.

·        Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, Shreiber, DI, and Yurke, B, “Cellular Engineering Substrate With Tunable Compliance And Force-Generating Capability”, Page 967, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 2005.

·        Shain, AH, Langrana, NA, and Edwards, WT, “Postural Stability Assessment Analysis In Rehabilitation”, Page 1071, In the Proceedings of BMES Conference, Baltimore, MD, October, 2005.

·        Rafaels, K, Kerrigan, J, Langrana, NA, and Lin, DC, “Molecular Modeling as a Visualization Tool in Design of DNA Crosslinked Polyacrylamide”, in IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, Paper no. IMECE2004-59930, November 2004.

·        Kale, S, Langrana, NA, Edwards, T, and Lee CK, “Effect of Vertebral Bone Endplate Curvature on Load Transmission”, in IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, Paper no. IMECE2004-60429, November 2004.

·        Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, and Yurke, B, " Modulating Stiffness in DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Gels ", in IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, Paper no. IMECE2004-59615, November 2004.

·        Sindall, D, Langrana, NA, and Cuitino, A, “A Parametric Study on Material Properties of Cortical Shell and trabecular Core in an Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebral Bone Model”, in IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, Paper no. IMECE2004-60689, November 2004.

·         Sindall, D, and Langrana, NA, "Optimization Concept Applied to Vertebroplasty Biomechanics", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, May 2004.

·         Sindall, D, Langrana, NA, Higgins, K., "Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Vertebroplasty Investigation", in IMECE2003, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Washington, DC, Paper no. IMECE2003-43574, November 2003.

·         Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Langrana, NA, "Accelerating Migration of DNA into a DNA-Crosslinked Gel Using Electrophoresis", in IMECE2003, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Washington, DC, Paper no. IMECE2003-43446, November 2003.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee CK, Kopacz, KJ, and Kale, S, "Human, Chimpanzee and Canine: A Study on Lumbar Vertebral Endplates", in IMECE2003, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Washington, DC, Paper no. IMECE2003-43557, November 2003.

·         McIntyre, E, Langrana, NA, Voorhees, A, and Wei, T, "Velocity Profile in Streamline Swimming: Drag Quantification", in the Proceedings of 2003 Bioengineering Conference, ASME, Key Biscayne, FL, June 25-29, 2003

·         Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Langrana, NA, "Determining the Elastic Moduli of Reversible Gels Using the Theory of Elasticity", in the Proceedings of 2003 Bioengineering Conference, ASME, Key Biscayne, FL, June 25-29, 2003

·         Garske, D, and Langrana, NA, "Mimicking Lumbar Vertebral Bone Architecture Using Layered Manufacturing Technology", in the Proceedings of the 2003 Bioengineering Conference, ASME, Key Biscayne, Florida, June 25-29, 2003.

·         Lee CK, Langrana, NA*+ Kopacz, KJ, and Kale, S, "Morphometric Study of the Lumbosacral Vertebral Endplates", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, May 2003.

·         Richards, CJ, Gatt, CJ, Langrana, NA*, Calderon, R, "Quantitative Measurement of Human Meniscal Strain", Transactions of 49th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, February 2003.

·         Higgins, KB, Harten, RD, Langrana, NA*, Cuitino, A, and Reiter, MF, "Biomechanics of Vertebroplasty", in the Proceedings of 2002 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 42, IMECE2002-32635, New Orleans, LA, November 2002

·         Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Langrana, NA, "A Polyacrylamide Gel with Reversible DNA Crosslinks", in the Proceedings of 2002 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 42, IMECE2002-33608, New Orleans, LA, November 2002

·         Lin, DC, Yurke, B, and Langrana, NA*, "Viscosity Sensitivity in a Reversible Polyacrylamide Gel with DNA Crosslinks", in the Proceedings of Biomedical Engineering Society, Huston, Texas, October 2002

·         Knight, D, Elliott, G, Jaluria, Y, Langrana, NA and Rasheed, K, "Automated Optimal Design Using Concurrent Integrated Experiment and Simulation", AIAA2002-5636, AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization September 2002, Atlanta, GA

·         Richards, C, Gatt, CJ, and Langrana, NA, "A Novel Approach to Measurement of Hoop Strain in the Human Meniscus", the IV World Congress of Biomechanics, Calgary, Alberta, August 4-9, 2002

·         Higgins, KB, Langrana, NA, Harten, RD, and Reiter, MF, "Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Vertebroplasty", Special Emphasis Poster, ", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, page 104, May 2002

·         Langrana, NA, Wu, G, Sadanji, S, and Danforth, S, "Solid Freeform Fabrication Method to Fabricate fully Dense 17-4PH Metal Components", Proceedings of 16th National HTM Conference and 5th ISHMT/ASME HMT Conference, Kolkata, India, January 3-5, 2002

·         Higgins, KB, Langrana, NA, Harten, RD, and Reiter, MF, "Vertebral Body Compression Fracture Analysis With And Without Synthetic Materials", in the Proceedings of 2001 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 51, CD-ROM paper no. 23045, page 1-2, New York, New York, November 2001.

·         Higgins, KB, Langrana, NA, Harten, RD, and Reiter, MF, "Vertebral Body Augmentation Biomechanics: Optimization & Finite Element Analysis", in the Proceedings of Biomedical Engineering Society, Durham, North Carolina, October 2001.

·         Richards, C, Gatt, CJ, and Langrana, NA, "Functional Evaluation of the Human Meniscus", in the Proceedings of Biomedical Engineering Society, Durham, North Carolina, October 2001.

·         Qiu, D and Langrana, NA, "Void elimination algorithm for extrusion based layered manufacturing ", in the CD-ROM Proceedings of ASME 2001 Design Engineering Technical Conferences, DETC2001/DFM-21197, Pittsburgh, PA, September 2001.

·         Hsieh, CT and Langrana, NA, "A System Approach in Extrusion-Based Multi-material CAD", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 2001.

·         Higgins, KB, Harten, RD, Lin, DC, Vieira, P, Langrana, NA, and Reiter, MF, "Biomechanics of patient specific vertebroplasty", in the Proceedings of the 2001 Bioengineering Conference, ASME Publication, Utah, July 2001.

·         Lin, DC, Langrana, NA, Harten, RD, Reiter, MF, and Lee, CK, "Shear forces in motion segments during thoracolumbar burst fractures", in the Proceedings of the 2001 Bioengineering Conference, ASME Publication, Utah, July 2001.

·         Zimmerman, A, Langrana, NA, and Dunn, S, "Integrated palpation and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify breast tumors", in the Proceedings of the 2001 Bioengineering Conference, ASME Publication, Utah, July 2001.

·         Langrana, NA, Harten, RD Jr, Lin, D, Reiter, M, and Lee, CK, "Fracture Patterns and Strain Information in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures", in the Proceedings of Advances of Bioengineering-2000, ASME Publication, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 48, November 2000.

·         Ladeji-Oasis, JO, and Langrana, NA, "Three Indentor FEA to Identify Tumors Within Soft Tissue", Ph.D. Student Paper Competition, Second Prize Winner, in the Proceedings of Advances of Bioengineering-2000, ASME Publication, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 48, November 2000.

·         Langrana, N.A, Qiu, D, Wu, G, Higgins, K, and Hsieh, ct, "Design, Simulation and SFF Techniques for Functional Components", in the CD-ROM Proceedings of ASME 2000 Design Engineering Technical Conferences, DETCC00/MECH-14205, Baltimore, MD, September 2000.

·         Qiu, D, and Langrana, NA*, "A New Feature in an Extrusion based LM Process: Adaptive Roadwidth", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 2000.

·         Ladeji-Oasis, JO, and Langrana, NA, "Analytical evaluation of Tumors Surrounded by Soft Tissue", Student Paper Competition, Honorable mentioned, in the Proceedings of 2000 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, CD-ROM, July 2000.

·         Langrana, NA, Harten, RD Jr, Lin, D, Reiter, M, and Lee, CK, "Facet Joint Loading in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures", in the Proceedings of 2000 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, CD-ROM, July 2000.

·         Langrana, NA, Cleary, K, Lindisch, D, Freedman, M, Watson, W, "Pre-Operative Patient Specific Lumbar Spine Models", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, pp. 268, April 2000.
Langrana, NA, Harten, RD Jr, Lin, D, Reiter, M, and Lee, CK, "Fracture Patterns and Strain Information in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures", in the Proceedings of Advances of Bioengineering-2000, ASME Publication, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 44, November 2000.

 

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Refereed Articles in Journals ('91-'99):

·         Danforth, S, Safari, A, Jafari, M, and Langrana, NA, "Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) of Functional Advanced Ceramic Components", Journal of Naval Research, an invited review article, Vol. L, pp. 27-39, THREE/1998.

·         Overaker, D, Cuitino, AM, and Langrana, NA, "Effects of Morphology and Orientation on the Behavior of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Foams and Application in a Re-Entrant Foam Anchor Model", Journal of Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 29, pp. 43-52, 1998.

·         Overaker, D, Cuitino, AM, and Langrana, NA, "Elasto-Plastic Micromechanical Modeling of Two-Dimensional Irregular Convex and Non-Convex (Re-Entrant) Hexagonal Foams", Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 65, pp. 748-757, June 1998.

·         Jamalabad, V. and Langrana, NA, "A Learning Shell for Iterative Design (L'SID): Concepts and Applications", Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 120, pp. 203-209, June 1998.

·         Sharma, M, Langrana, NA, and Rodriguez, JR, "Modeling of Facet Articulation as a non- linear moving contact problem: Sensitivity Study on Lumbar Facet Response", J. Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 20, pp. 118-125, 1998.

·         Langrana, NA, "Point of View for the article -The Effects of Abdominal Muscle Coactivation on Lumbar Spine Stability, by Gardner-Morse, et al.", SPINE, Vol. 23, page 91, 1998.

·         Langrana NA, Burdea, G, Ladeji, J, and Dinsmore, M, "Human Performance Using Virtual Reality Tumor Palpation Simulation", Computers and Graphics An International Journal, Vol. 21, No.4, pp. 451-458, 1997.

·         Langrana, NA, Chen, Y, and Das, A, "Feature Identification from Vectorized Mechanical Drawings", Journal of Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 68, No. 21, pp. 127-145, 1997.

·         Das, A. and Langrana, NA, "Recognition and Integration of Dimension sets in Vectorized Engineering Drawings", Journal of Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 68, pp. 90- 108, 1997.

·         Smith, ME, Cibischino, M, Langrana, NA, Lee, CK and Parsons, JR, "A Biomechanical Study of a Cervical Spine Stabilization Device: Roy-Camille Plates", SPINE, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 38-43, 1997.

·         Burdea, G, Deshpande, B, Liu, B, Langrana, NA, and Gomez, D, "A Virtual Reality- based System for Hand Diagnosis and Rehabilitation", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1997.

·         Agarwala, A. Bandyopadhyay, R. van Weeren, V. Jamalabad, P. Whalen, N. A. Langrana, A. Safari,, S. C. Danforth, "Fused Deposition of Ceramics", J. Rapid Prototyping, Vol. 2, 4, 4-19, (1996).

·         Agarwala, MK, Bandyopadhyay, A, van Weeren, R, Jamalabad, V, Whelan, P, Langrana, NA, Safari, A, Danforth, SC, "Fused deposition of Ceramics: Rapid Fabrication of Structural Ceramic Components", Bulletin of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 75, No. 11, pp. 60-65, 1996.

·         Govindarajan, S, Langrana, NA, and Weng, GJ, "The Influence of Imperfections on the Creep Behavior of Polymer Composites at Elevated Temperatures", Finite elements in Analysis and Design, Elsevier Science Publisher, Vol. 23, pp. 333-348, 1996.

·         Steinberg, L. and Langrana, NA, "EVEXED and MEET for Mechanical Design: Testing Structural Decomposition and Constraint Propagation", Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 84, 37-56, 1996.

·         Richard, P, G. Burdea, G, Birebent, D. Gomez, N. Langrana and Coiffet, P, "Effect of Frame Rate and Force Feedback on Virtual Object Manipulation," Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 5, pp. 1-14, 1996.

·         Chen, Y, Langrana, NA and Das, A, "Perfecting Vectorized Mechanical drawings", Journal of Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing: Image Understanding, Vol. 63, No, pp. 273- 286, March 1996.

·         Govindarajan, S, Langrana, NA, and Weng, GJ, "An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Creep Behavior of a Graphite/Epoxy Woven Composite", J. Polymer Composite, Vol. 17, No, 353-361, 1996.

·         Langrana, NA, "Point of View for the article - Stiffening Effects of Cortical Bone on Vertebral Cancellous Bone in Situ, by Broyce R. et al.", SPINE, Vol. 20, page 1003, 1995.

·         Burdea, G, Roskos, E, Gomez, D, Langrana, NA, Roskos, E and Pichard, P, "Virtual Reality Graphics Simulation with Force Feedback", International Journal of Computer Simulation, Vol. 5, pp. 287-303, 1995.

·         Hawkins, M, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, Lee, CK, "Materials and Design Concepts for an Intervertebral Disc Spacer, Part II; Multidurometer Composite Design", J. of Applied Biomaterials, Vol.6, pp. 117-123, Summer 1995.

·         Shieh, SJ, Zimmerman, MC, and Langrana, NA, "The Application of Scanning Acoustic Microscopy in a Bone Remodeling Study", J. Biomechanical Eng, Vol. 117, pp. 286-292, August 1995.

·         Burdea, G, Goratowski, R, Langrana, NA, and Deshpande, S, "Tactile/Force Sensing Glove for Computerized Hand Diagnosis", Journal of Medicine and Virtual Reality, Vol. 1, No, pp. 40-45, 1995.

·         Sharma, M, Langrana, NA, and Rodriguez, "Role of Ligaments and Facets in Spine Stability", SPINE, Vol. 20, pp. 887-900, 1995.

·         Langrana, NA, Burdea, G, Lange, K, Gomez, D, and Deshpande, S, "Dynamic Force Feedback in a Virtual Knee Palpation", J. of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Vol. 6, pp. 321- 333, 1994.

·         Jamalabad, V, Langrana, NA and Jaluria, Y, "Rule Based Design of a Material Processing Components", Journal of Engineering with Computers, Vol. 10, pp. 81-94, 1994.

·         Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, Lee, CK, Hawkins, M, Yang, SW, and Alexander, H, " Materials and Design Concepts for an Intervertebral Disc Spacer, Part I; Fiber Reinforced Composite Design", J. of Applied Biomaterials, Vol. 5, pp. 125-132, 1994.

·         Vuono-Hawkins, M, Zimmerman, MC, Lee, CK, Carter, FM, Parsons JR, and Langrana NA, "Mechanical Evaluation of a Canine Intervertebral Disc Spacer: In-Situ and In-Vivo Studies", J. Orthopaedic. Research, Vol. 12, pp. 119-127, 1994.

·         Burdea, G. and Langrana, NA, "Virtual Force Feedback -Lessons, Challenges and Future Applications", Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, Japan, Vol. 4, No. 2, page 178-182, February 1993. Also appeared as Invited paper, Proceedings of 1992 Advances in Robotics, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, DSC-Vol. 42, Anaheim, CA, pp. 41-47, 1992.

·         Ramachandran, N, Langrana, NA, Steinberg, L. and Jamalabad, V, "Initial design Strategies for Iterative Design", Research in Engineering Design, Vol. 4, pp. 159-169, 1992.

·         Vuono-Hawkins, M, Zimmerman, MC, Carter, FM, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "Shear Stability of an Elastomeric Disc Spacer within an Intervertebral Joint: A Parametric Study", J. Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 14, No, pp. 414-415, 1992.

·         Farouk, A, Langrana, NA and Weng, GJ, "Modulus Prediction of a Cross-Ply Fiber Reinforced Fabric Composite with Voids", Polymer Composites, Vol. 13, No, pp. 285-294, Aug. 1992, also in Proceedings of Plastics and Plastic Composites, MD-Vol. 29, pp. 297-308, ASME- WAM, 1991.

·         Farouk, A. and Langrana, NA, " Fracture Properties of PMR15/Graphite Fiber Composites", Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 265-277, 1992.

·         Burdea, G, Zhuang, J, Roskos, E, Silver, DG and Langrana, NA, "A Portable Dextrous Master with Force Feedback", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 1, pp. 18- 28, 1992.

·         Zimmerman, MC. Vuono, MJ. Carter, F. Gutteling, E. Lee, CK. Parsons, JR. and Langrana, NA, "The Mechanical Properties of the Canine Lumbar Disc and Motion Segment." SPINE, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 213-220,1992.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR. and Zimmerman, MC, "Development of a Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc", SPINE, Vol. 16, No. 6S, pp. S253-S255, 1991.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK. and Yang, SW, "Finite-Element Modeling of the Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc", SPINE, Vol. 16, No. 6S, pp. S245-S252, 1991.

·         Nagasamy V, and Langrana NA , "Reconstruction of 3D Objects Using a KB Environment", Journal of Engineering with Computers, Vol. 7, pp. 23-25, 1991.

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Other Publications ('91-99):

·         Wu, G, Langrana, NA, Rangarajan, S, McCuiston, R, Sandanji, R, Danforth, S. and Safari, A, "Fabrication of Metal Components FDMet – Fused Deposition of Metals", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 1999.

·         Qiu, D, Langrana, NA, Danforth, S, Safari, A, and Jafari, M, "Intelligent Toolpath for Extrusion-Based LM Process", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 1999.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, and Cuitino, AM, "Effects of Architectural and Material alteration due to Age on Lumbar Vertebral Body Load Capacity", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, pp. 189B, July 1999.

·         Ladeji-Oasis, JO, and Langrana, NA, "Design and Development of a Multi-Prong Soft Tissue Indentor", in the Proceedings of 1999 Bioengineering Conference, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 42, pp.301-302, July 1999.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, and Cuitino, AM, "A Nonlinear Micromechanical Model for Vertebral Trabecular Bone and Application in Whole Bone Finite Element Analysis", in the Proceedings of 1999 Bioengineering Conference, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 42, pp.361-362, July 1999.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, and Cuitino, AM, "The role of the Core and Shell on the Mechanical Response of Aging Vertebral body", in the Proceedings of Advances of Bioengineering-1998, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 39, page 185-186, 1998.

·         Fang, T, Jafari, MA, Bakharydov, I, Danforth, S. Safari, A. and Langrana, NA, "Online Defect Detection in Layered Manufacturing Using Process Signatures", IEEE Int'l Conf. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Oct. 11-14, San Diego CA 1998.

·         Bakharydov, I, Jafari, MA, Fang, T, Danforth, S, Safari, A. and Langrana, NA, "Defect Detection in Indirect Layered Manufacturing", IEEE Int'l Conf. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Oct. 11-14, San Diego CA 1998.

·         Bossett, E, McCuiston, R, Langrana, NA, Rangarajan, S, Venkataraman, N, Danforth, S. and Safari, A, "Real Time Video Microscopy for the Fused Deposition Method", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, pp. 113-120, August 1998.

·         Wu, G, Langrana, NA, Rangarajan, S, Sandanji, R, Safari, A. and Danforth, S, "Feasibility of Fabricating Metal parts from 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, pp. 469-478, August 1998.

·         Qiu, D, Langrana, NA, Danforth, S, Safari, A, and Jafari, M, "Virtual Simulation for Multi- material LM Process", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, pp. 681-688, August 1998.

·         Higgins, K. and Langrana, NA, "Virtual Design and Fabrication in Layered Manufacturing", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, pp. 375-382, August 1998.

·         Qiu, D, Langrana, NA, Danforth, S, Safari, A, and Jafari, M, "Development of Multimaterial Virtual Layered Manufacturing Simulation", in the Proceedings of Third Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, pages 1625-1630, July 12-16, 1998.

·         Danforth, S, Safari, A, Langrana, NA, and Jafari, M, "Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) of Functional Advanced Ceramic Components", in the Proceedings of Third Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, July 12-16, 1998.

·         Han, G, Mazza, SB, Holt, LJ, Billotti, J, Langrana, NA, and Zimmerman, MC, "Biomechanical Comparison of a New Soft Composite Functional ACL Knee Brace vs. Hard Shell Designs", in the Proceedings of 1997 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 36, pp. 279-280, November 1997.

·         Langrana, NA, Fan, WC. and Ladeji, J, "A Parametric Study on Virtual Tumor Detection with in Soft Tissue", in the Proceedings of 1997 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 36, pp. 255-256, November 1997.

·         Dai, G. Qi, S. Rangarajan, N. Langrana, A. Safari, and S. Danforth, "High Quality, Fully Dense Ceramic Components Manufactured Using Fused Deposition of Ceramics", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 1997.

·         Clancy, V. Jamalabad, P. Whalen, P. Bhargavap, C. Dai, G. Qi, S. Rangarajan, S. Wu, S. Danforth, Langrana, and A. Safari, "Fused Deposition of Ceramics: Progress Towards a Robust and Controlled Process for Commercialization", in the Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, August 1997.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA and Cuitino, AM. "Nonlinear micromechanical model of vertebral trabecular bone", in the Proceedings of 1997 Bioengineering Conference, BED Vol. 35, pages 569-570, ASME Publication, July 1997.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, Cuitino, AM. and Zimmerman, MC, "A nonlinear microstructural model for vertebral trabecular bone", in the Proceedings of International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine, page 59, Singapore, June 2-6, 1997.

·         Dinsmore, M, Langrana, NA, Burdea, G, and Ladeji, J, "Virtual Reality training Simulation of Palpation of Subsurface Tumors", in the Proceedings of VRAIS'97, pp. 54-60, IEEE publication, March 1997.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, Cuitino, AM. and Zimmerman, MC, "A foam model to study the effects of osteoporosis on the structural behavior of vertebral trabecular bone", in the Transactions of 42nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, page 806, February 1997.

·         Pere, E, Gomez, D, Burdea, G, and Langrana, NA, "PC-Based Virtual Reality System with Dextrous Force Feedback", in the Proceedings of the ASME Dynamics System and Control Division, DSC Vol. 58, ASME Publications, pp. 495-502, November 1996.

·         Overaker, DW, Cuitino, AM, Langrana, NA and Zimmerman, MC, "A New Structural Model for Vertebral Trabecular Bone and Preliminary Applications to the Study of Osteoporosis", in the Proceedings of 1996 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 33, pp. 131- 132, November 1996.

·         Dinsmore, M, Langrana, NA, and Burdea, G, "Realistic Virtual Reality Simulation of touching Hard Tumors beneath Soft Tissue", in the Proceedings of 1996 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 33, pp. 19-20, November 1996.

·         Langrana, NA, Burdea, G, Dinsmore, M, Gomez, D, Harper, E, Silver, D, and Mezrich, R, "Virtual Reality Training Simulation with Force Feedback: Palpation of Lesions", in the Proceedings of 1996 Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, BED Vol. 33, pp. 435-436, November 1996.

·         Jamalabad, V, Langrana, NA, Agarwala, M. and Danforth, S, "Design Improvements in the Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC): Progress Towards structurally Sound Composites", in the Proceedings (on CD-ROM) of Design for Manufacturability, ASME Design Division, Irvine, California, August, 1996.

·         Pere, E, Langrana, NA, Gomez, D, and Burdea, G, "Virtual Mechanical Assembly on a PC- Based System", in the Proceedings (on CD-ROM) of Design for Manufacturability, ASME Design Division, Irvine, California, August, 1996.

·         Harper, E, Langrana, NA, Burdea G, "A Virtual Design of an Inspection System", in the Proceedings (on CD-ROM) of Design for Manufacturability, ASME Design Division, Irvine, California, August, 1996.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Overaker, D, Shirado, O, Zimmerman, MC, Fan, WC, " The Role of the Facet Joint in Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture", Transactions of 41st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 144, 1996.

·         Govindarajan, S, Langrana, NA, and Weng, GJ, "The Influence of Imperfections on the Creep Behavior of Woven Polymer Composites at Elevated Temperature", Proceedings of Second ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, pp. 825-832, Suratkal, Manglore, India, December 1995.

·         Gomez, D, Burdea, G, and Langrana, NA, "Modeling and Simulation of the Rutgers Master II Haptic Display", Proceedings of ASME Dynamics and Control Division Conference, DSC-Vol. 72-2, pp. 727-734, November 1995.

·         Das, A. and Langrana, NA, "Implementation of Comprehensive Vectorization System for Engineering Drawings", Proceedings of Computers in Engineering Conference, ASME Design Division, September 1995.

·         Van Weeren, R, Agarwala, MK, Jamalabad, V, Langrana, NA, Whelan, P, Danforth, SC, and Bellard, CP, "Quality of Parts Processed by Fused Deposition", Proc. of the 6th SFF Symp, Austin, TX, 314-325, 1995

·         Agarwala, MK, Van Weeren, R, Danforth, SC, Bellard, CP, et. al, "Structural Ceramics by Fused Deposition of Ceramics," Proc. of the 6th SFF Symp, Austin, TX, 1- 8, 1995

·         Harper, E, Dinsmore, M, Langrana, NA, and Burdea, G, " Interactive Graphical Models of Objects with Varying Sfittnesses", Proceedings of Virtual Reality in Medicine and Developers' Expo, published by SIG-Advanced Applications, Inc, pp. 70-74, June 1995.

·         Das, A. and Langrana, NA, "Recognition of Dimension sets and Integration with Vectorized Engineering Drawings", Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 347-350, Montreal, Canada, August, 1995.

·         Goratowski, R, Langrana, NA, and Burdea, G, "An Innovative Method to Measure Finger Forces", Proceedings of the 1995 Bioengineering Conference, pp. 427-428, June 1995.

·         Overaker, DW, Langrana, NA, Lee CK, Shirado, O, and Zimmerman, MC, "The Role of Facet Orientation in the Creation of Burst Fractures- An Analytical Model", Proceedings of the 1995 Bioengineering Conference, pp. 529-530, June 1995.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Overaker, D, Shirado, O, and Zimmerman, MC, "Role of Vertebral Anatomy in Lumbar Burst Fractures", Proceedings of the international Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 1995.

·         Shirado, O, Overaker, D, Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, and Zimmerman, MC, "Mechanism of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture- The Role of Facet Joint Loading", Proceedings of the international Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, June 1995.

·         Gomez, D, Burdea, G, and Langrana, NA, " Integration of the Rutgers Master II in a Virtual Reality simulation", Proceedings of Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium '95, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 198-202, March 1995.

·         Burdea, G, Goratowski, R, and Langrana, NA, "Tactile/Force Sensing for Computerized Hand Diagnosis", in Interactive Technology and New Paradigm for Healthcare, Chapter 10, pp. 60- 69, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1995, also in Proceedings of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality III, San Diego, CA, Jan. 1995.

·         Langrana, NA, Burdea, G, Lange, K, Gomez, D, and Deshpande, S, "Palpation of a Virtual Knee Joint", Transactions of 41st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 699, 1995.

·         Dinsmore, M, Langrana, NA, and Burdea, G, "Issues Related to Real-Time Simulation of a Virtual Knee Joint Palpation", Proceedings of Virtual Reality in Medicine: The Cutting Edge, published by SIG-Advanced Applications, Inc, pp. 16-20, Sept. 8-11, 1994.

·         Sharma, M, Langrana, NA, and Rodriguez, J, "Load Sharing in Lumbar Spine Facets, Ligaments, and Disc", Advances in Bioengineering 1994, ASME Publication, BED-Vol. 28, pp. 343-344, 1994.

·         Govindarajan, S, Langrana, NA, and Weng, GJ, " Modeling Creep Behavior in Polymeric Woven Composites", Advances in Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) of Polymer Processing, ASME Publication MD-Vol. 49, pp. 281-296, 1994.

·         Sharma, M, Rodriguez, J. and Langrana, NA, "Influence of Facet Joint Parameters in Load Transmission", Transaction of 40th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, pp. 709, 1994.

·         Shieh, SJ, Langrana, NA, Zimmerman, MC, and Parsons, JR, " Strain-Induced Bone Remodeling: The Strain Fields in the Sheep Metatarsal Before and After Remodeling, Transaction of 40th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, pp. 279, 1994.

·         Jamalabad, V. and Langrana, NA, " Extraction and Reuse of Design Information", Proceedings of Design Theory and Methodology -DTM'93, page 129-138, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1993.

·         Shieh, SJ, Zimmerman, MC, Langrana, NA and Parsons, JR, "A Quantitative Assessment of Bone Remodeling by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy", 1993 Bioengineering Conference, page 604-607, June 1993.

·         Sharma, M, Langrana, NA and Rodriguez, JR, "Analytical Study on the Role of Lumbar Facets Under Compressive Loads", 1993 Bioengineering Conference, page 462-465, June 1993.

·         Parsons, JR, Zimmerman, MC, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "The Examination of the Failure Mode of several Cervical Spine Fixation Devices", 1993 Bioengineering Conference, page 26-28, June 1993.

·         Parsons, JR, Lee, CK. and Langrana, NA, " The Biomechanical Analysis of the Halifax Clamp Under Cyclic Loading", Transactions of 39th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 404, 1993.

·         Burdea, G. and Langrana, NA, " Virtual Force Feedback System in Hand Biomechanics", Transactions of 39th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 322, 1993.

·         Burdea, G. and Langrana, NA, "Virtual Force Feedback - Lessons, Challenges, Future Applications", Advances in Robotics - 1992, pp. 421-47, ASME #G00751, November 1992.

·         Shieh, SJ, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR. and Langrana, NA, "Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and the Structural Adaptation", 1992 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 127-130, 1992.

·         Chen, Y. and Langrana, NA, "Restoration of CAD Database and Shape Feature Recognition", Proceedings of Design Theory and Methodology - DTM'92, pp. 99-106, Scottsdale, Arizona, 1992.

·         Vuono, MJ, Lee, CK, Lee, JK, Mango, TJ. and Langrana, NA, " A Biomechanical Study of Experimentally induced Osteophyte Formation in the Canine Lumbar Spine", Transactions of 38th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 122, 1992.

·         Sharma, M, Rodriguez, J, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "Effect of the Wedge Angle on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc under Compressive Load", 1991 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Parsons, JR, Langrana, NA, Cibischino, M, Lee, CK, Smith, ME, Gustavson, L. and Kaiser, K, "A Biomechanical Study of a Cervical Spine Stabilization Device", 1991 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Vuono, MJ, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR, Carter, FM, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, " Shear Stability Between Elastomeric Disc Spacer and Vertebral Bone", 1991 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Burdea, G, Zhuang, J, Roskos, E, Silver, D. and Langrana, N, " Direct-drive Force Feed Back Control for the Dataglove", European Robotics and Intelligent Systems Conference, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Corfu, Greece, June 1991.

·         Farouk, A, Langrana, NA, and Upadhyay, R, "Identification of Process Parameters in PMR-15 Composite Manufacturing", Proceedings of Heat and Mass Transfer in Solidification Processing, pp. MD Vol. 25, pp. 163-172, ASME-WAM, 1991.

·         Vuono, MJ, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR, Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, "Environmental Impact on a Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) for Use in a Composite Intervertebral Disc Spacer", ASTM Symposium on Characterization and Testing of Composite Materials for Implant Applications in the Human Body, San Diego CA, 1991.

·         Kwon, E, Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, "Muscular Activities and Lumbar Joint", Proceedings of the International Society for the study of the Lumbar Spine, 1991.

·         Shieh, SJ, Langrana, NA, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR, and Rodriguez, J, "Skeletal Biomechanics: Experimental and Analytical Approaches", 1991 Biomechanics Symposium, p. 209-212, 1991.

·         Sharma, M, Rodriguez, J, and Langrana, NA, "Parametric Modeling and Denucleation Simulation of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs", 1991 Biomechanics Symposium, p. 373-376, 1991.

·         Kwon, E, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "Role of Extensors and Flexors in Lifting Tasks", 1991 Biomechanics Symposium, p. 329-332, 1991.

·         Shieh, SJ, Zimmerman, MC, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, and Rodriguez, J, "The Validation of a Finite Element Model of the Sheep Metatarsal", Transactions of 37th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 1991.

·         Vuono, MJ, Zimmerman, MC, Lee, CK, Carter, F, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, "Design and Evaluation of a Thermoplastic Elastomeric (TPE) Lumbar Disc Spacer in a Canine Model", Trans. Soc. Biomaterials, 1991.

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Refereed Articles in Journals ('81-'90):

·         Boone, P, Zimmerman, M, Gutteling, E, Lee, CK, Parsons, JR. and Langrana, NA, "Bone Attachment to Hydroxyapatite Coated Polymers", J. Biomedical Materials, Research: Applied Biomaterials, Vol. 23, 1989.

·         Nagasamy V, and Langrana, NA, "Engineering Drawing Processing and Vectorization", Journal of Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, Vol. 49, pp. 379-397, 1989.

·         Hambly, M, Lee, CK, Gutteling, E, Zimmerman, MC, Langrana, NA, Pyun, Y, "Tension Band Wiring-Bone Grafting for Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis: A Clinical and Biomechanical Study", SPINE, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 455-460, 1989.

·         Langrana, NA, and Parsons, JR, "The Biomechanics of the Internal Fixation of Fractures", Journal of Automechanics, Vol. 10, pp. 173-279, 1989.

·         Ramachandran N, Shah, A, and Langrana, NA, "Expert System Approach in Design of Mechanical Components", Journal of Engineering with Computers, Vol. 4, pp. 185-195, 1988, Also in Proceedings of Computers in Engineering, ASME Publication, Vol. 1, p. 1-10, 1988.

·         Nagasamy V. and Langrana, NA, "Automated Reconstruction of Engineering Drawings into a CAD Database", Journal of Engineering with Computers, Vol. 4, pp. 165-171, 1988, Also in Proceedings of Computers in Engineering, ASME Publication, Vol. 2, p. 7-14, 1988.

·         Nuzzo, RM, Jolly, J. and Langrana, NA, "Contralateral Compensation with Knee Impairment," Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, No. 223, October, 1987, pp. 225-236.

·         Yang, SW, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "Biomechanics of Spinal Fusion in Combined Compression Torsion Loads," SPINE, Vol. 11, No. 9, 1986, pp. 937-941.

·         Langrana, NA and Bronfeld, J, "Computer Assisted Analysis of Ligament Constraints in the Knee," Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. 186, June 1985, pp. 42-50.

·         Lee, CK. and Langrana, NA, "Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion. A Biomechanical Study," SPINE, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1984, pp. 574-581.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Alexander, H, and Mayott, CW, Quantitative Assessment of Back Strength Using Isokinetic Testing," SPINE, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1984, pp. 287-290.

·         Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "Isokinetic Evaluation of Trunk Muscles," SPINE, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1984, pp. 171-175.

·         Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, Strauchler, I, Mehta, A, and Ricci, J, "Effect of Mechanical Load in Wound Healing," Annals of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1983, pp. 200-208.

·         Massengill, J, Alexander, H, Langrana, NA, and Mylod, A, "Internal Fixation - Quantitative Analysis of Rigidity and Failure," J. Hand Surgery, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1982, pp. 264-270.

·         Langrana, NA, "Spatial Kinematic Analysis of the Upper Extremity Using a Bi-planar Video-taping Method," J. Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 103, 1981, pp. 11-17.

·         Alexander, H, Langrana, NA, Massengill, J. and Weiss, AB, "Development of New Methods for Phalangeal Fracture Fixations," J. Biomechanics, Vol. 14, 1981, pp. 377-387.

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Other Publications ('81-90):

·         Vuono, MJ, Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Zimmerman, MC, Carter, FM, and Parsons, JR, "A Biomechanical Comparison of Canine and Human Lumbar Discs", Proceedings of the International Society for the study of the Lumbar Spine, 1990.

·         Vuono, MJ, Zimmerman, MC, Carter, FM, Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, and Parsons, JR, "Elastomeric Lumbar Disc Prosthesis: In Situ Cadaveric Mechanical Studies", Transactions of the Society of Biomaterials, 13:90, 1990.

·         Ramachandran, N, Langrana, NA and Steinberg, L, " Initial Design Strategies in the Model of Iterative Design Process", Proceedings of the 2nd Design Theory and Methodology Conference, p. 315-322, Chicago, Illinois, 1990.

·         Jamalabad, V, Langrana, NA and Jaluria, Y, " Heuristic Design for a Material Processing Component", Proceedings of the 2nd Design Theory and Methodology Conference, p. 119-126, Chicago, Illinois, 1990.

·         Vuono, MJ, Langrana, NA, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR, and Lee, CK, "Mechanical Characterization of an Animal Model for Spine Research", Proceedings of North American Spine Society, Monterey, California, August, 1990.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, and Yang, SW, " Finite element Modeling of the Synthetic Intervertebral Disc, Proceedings of North American Spine Society, p. 102-103, Monterey, California, August, 1990.

·         Lee, C. K, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR. and Zimmerman, MC, " Development of a Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc", Proceedings of North American Spine Society, p. 78-79, Monterey, California, 1990.

·         Rodriguez, J, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "Analytical Modeling of Annulus Fibrosis' Behavior in Intervertebral Discs", Transaction of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol. 15, p. 606, 1990.

·         Vuono, M, Zimmerman, MC, Parsons, JR, Lee, CK, Carter, F, and Langrana, NA, "A Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Canine and Human Lumbar Discs and Motion Segment", Transactions of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol. 15, p. 176, 1990.

·         Zimmerman, MC, Gutteling, E, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "The Biomechanical Evaluation of a New Fixation Technique for Spondylolysis Using Single and Double Tension-Bend Wiring", Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, Vol. 49, No. 2, p. 131- 139, Fall 1989.

·         Baya, V, Langrana, NA, and Jaluria, Y, "A Partially De-Coupled Design System: Extrusion Manufacturing Process", invited paper in the session Understanding and Improving Design Process, at 1989 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, ASME Paper # 89-WA-DE-4.

·         Zimmerman, M. E, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, and Lee, CK, "The Mechanical Properties of the Canine Lumbar Motion Segments", 1989 Advances in Bioengineering, p. 71-72.

·         Ramachandran, N, Langrana, NA, Steinberg, LI, and Friedman, G, " Storage and Reuse of Designs in Mechanical Engineering Domain",. Proceedings of the 1989 NSF Engineering Design Research Conference, Amherst, MA, p. 666 June 1989.

·         Steinberg, LI, Langrana, NA, and Fisher, G, "A Domain Independent Approach to Mechanical Design", Proceedings of the 1989 NSF Engineering Design Research Conference, Amherst, MA, pp. 363-376 June 1989.

·         Hadley, A, Langrana, NA, and Steinberg, LI, "Design Using Features for Mechanical Components, "Proceedings of the 1989 NSF Engineering Design Research Conference, Amherst, MA, pp. 81-96, June 1989.

·         Nagasamy, V. and Langrana, NA "Reconstruction of 3D Objects using a KB Environment", Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition, ASME, Anaheim, CA, July- August 1989.

·         Baya, V, Langrana, NA, and Jaluria, Y, "Design of a Die in an Extrusion Manufacturing Process", Computers in Engineering 1989, Vol. 1, pp. 141-150, ASME, Anaheim, CA, July-August 1989.

·         Zimmerman, MC, Gutteling, E, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "The Biomechanical Evaluation of a New Fixation Technique for Spondylolysis using Single and Double Tension Band Wiring", The Proceedings of 1989 Biomechanics Symposium, San Diego, California, July 1989.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Parsons, JR, Zimmerman, MC, Clemow, AJ, Chen, EH, "The Development of Composite Thermoset and Thermoplastic Elastomeric Lumbar Disc Spacers", the Proceedings of 1989 Biomechanics Symposium, San Diego, California, July 1989.

·         Gutteling, E, Weisman, DS, Lee, DK, Poandl, TM. and Langrana, NA, "The Effects of Simulated Intra-Abdominal Pressure on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Biomechanics", the Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Kyoto, Japan, May 1989.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Parsons, JR, Zimmerman, MC, Clemow, AJ. and Chen, EH, "Functional Disc Prosthesis", the Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Kyoto, Japan, May 1989.

·         Hosea, TM, Gatt, CJ, McCarthy, KE, Langrana, NA and Zawadsky, JP, "Analytical Computation of Rapid Dynamic Loading of the Lumbar Spine, Transactions of the 35th Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 358, 1989.

·         Gutteling, E, Weisman, DS, Lee, CK, Poandl, TM. and Langrana, NA, "The Effects of Simulated Intra-abdominal Pressure on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Biomechanics, Transactions of the 35th Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 351, 1989.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, Clemow, A, Chen, E, Parsons, JR. and Yang, SW, "Fiber-Reinforced Functional Disc Prosthesis", Transactions of the 35th Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 353, 1989.

·         Yang, SW, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "Finite Element Modeling of the Intervertebral Disc", Computational Methods in Bioengineering, Edited by RL. Spilker & BR. Simon, ASME, Special Publication BED-Vol. 9, #88-82855, pp. 437-448, 1988.

·         Cwiakala, M, and Langrana, NA, "On the Feasibility of Platform Manipulators Using Cable Legs", The Proceedings of Trends and Developments in Mechanisms, Machines and Robotics - 1988, Vol. 3, ASME Publications, pp. 97-104, 1988.

·         Musicant, C, Langrana, NA, and Kwon, T, "The Use of a Charged Particle Approach to Interactive Mesh Generation", in the Proceedings of Computers in Engineering, ASME Publication, San Francisco, July 1988.

·         Boone, PS, Lee, CK, Poandl, TM, Langrana, NA, and Parsons, JR, "Ceramic Surfaces for Attaching Polymeric Implants to Bone", Proceedings of 34th Orthopaedic Research Society, January 1988, p. 49.

·         Lee, CK. and Langrana, NA, Hutton, A. and Derobbio, "A Prospective Study on the Recurrent Low Back Injury in Industry", 1987 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 27-28.

·         Cwiakala, M, and Langrana, NA, "Static Load Optimization in a Platform Manipulator Design", The Proceedings of 10th Applied Mechanism Conference, December 1987, pp. 3A-1 to 7.

·         "Langrana, NA, "Knowledge-Based Aid for Mechanical Design", Proceedings of National Communication Forum", Volume XXXXI, Chicago, September 1987, pp. 1219-1221.

·         Langrana, NA, Yang, SW, and Lee, CK, "Stress Propagation Following Disc Injury", Poster Session at the 14th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, May 1987.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, Hutter, A, and DeRobbin, AV, "Recurrent Industrial Low Back Injuries and Trunk Muscle Strength", The Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, May 1987.

·         Yang, SW, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "Stress Propagation within Disc due to Localized Injury", Transactions of the 33rd Orthopaedic Research Society, January 1987.

·         Yang, SW, Langrana, NA, and Lee, CK, "Finite Element Characterization of Stress Propagation with Disc", 1986 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Langrana, NA, Mitchell, T, and Ramachandran, N, "Progress Toward Knowledge-Based Aid for Mechanical Design", Proceedings of Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing, ASME Special Publication, 1986.

·         Singh, R. and Langrana, NA, "A CAD Tool for Design/Analysis of Internal Fixation Plates, "1985 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Jolly, J, Nuzzo, R. and Langrana, NA, "Gait Compensation in Cases of Knee Motion Impairment", 1985 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Langrana, NA, Silver, FH and Lai, WC, "Properties of Aorta using Nonlinear Tangential Theory ", 1985 Advances in Bioengineering.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK. and Yang, SW, "Biomechanics of Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion in Combined Compression Torsion Loads, " Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of The International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, (ISSLS), April 1985.

·         Yang, SW, Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine in Biaxial Loads, " Proceedings of the 11th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp. 326-329, March 1985.

·         Mayott, CW. and Langrana, NA, "Ellipticity and Principal Axis Variation in Spinal Segments L3 to L5, " Proceedings of the 11th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp. 322-325, March 1985.

·         Jolly, J, Nuzzo, R. and Langrana, NA, "Practical and Clinically Viable Computerized Motion Analysis," Proceedings of the 11th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp. 285-288, March 1985.

·         Lai, WC, Langrana, NA and Silver, F, "Nonlinear Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Aorta, "Proceedings of the 11th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, pp. 8-10, March 1985.

·         Mayott, CW. and Langrana, NA, "Area and Mass Properties of Lumbar Spines," Transactions of the 31st Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 237, 1985.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK. and Yang, SW, "Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion Compression Torsion Study," Transactions of the 31st Orthopaedic Research Society, pp. 23, 1985.

·         Lee, CK. and Langrana, NA, "Evaluation of Isokinetic Trunk Muscle Strength - A Diagnostic Method for Determining Return to Work, " Transactions of the 31st Orthopaedic Research Society, p. 257, 1985.

·         Ramachandran, N. and Langrana, NA, "Development of 3-D Analysis for Robotics - Applications in Manufacturing," Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Robotics, pp. 139-154, 1984.

·         Lee, CK, Langrana, NA, and Yang, SW, "Biomechanical Study of the Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion," Proceedings of 30th Orthopaedic Research Society, 1984, p. 206.

·         Mayott, CW, Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, and Curtis, G, "Geometric and Mass Properties of Bone as Measured Using Computer-Aided Tomography", 1983 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 28-31.

·         Langrana, NA and Lee, CK, "A Study on Trunk Muscle Strength," 1983 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 45-47.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, and Yang, SW, "An Experimental Investigation of Spinal Fusion Mechanics," 1983 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 40-42.

·         Mayott, CW, Langrana, NA, and Alexander, H, "Automated Procedure to Determine the Mechanical Properties of Long Bones", Proceedings of 1983 Biomechanics Symposium, June 1983, pp. 189-192.

·         Langrana, NA, Leppard, D, Alexander, H, and Weiss, AB, "Computer Graphics Analysis of Knee Joint Kinematics," Proceedings of the Twenty Ninth Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Anaheim, California, 1983, p. 338.

·         Leppard, D, Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, and Weiss, AB, "A Computer Graphics Model of a Knee-Joint," 1982 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 8-9.

·         Langrana, NA, Chow, L, Parsons, JR, Alexander, H, and Weiss, AB, "Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Stress Protection Atrophy with Bone Plates of Varying Rigidity," 1982 Advances in Bioengineering, pp. 13-15.

·         Langrana, NA, Leppard D, Alexander, H, and Weiss, AB, "Kinematics of the Knee - A Computer Graphics Model", ASME Paper 82-DET-40.

·         Langrana, NA, Massengill, J, Alexander, H, and Mylod, A, "Quantitative Analysis of Phalangeal Fracture Fixations," Presented at the New Jersey Orthopaedic Society 1981 Annual Meeting, November 4-8, 1981.

·         Alexander, H, Langrana, NA, Strauchler, ID, Ricci, J, and Chang, CY, "Stress Induced Remodeling of Healing Incisions, "Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society of Biomaterials, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, March 28-31, 1981

·         Langrana, NA, and Balaguru, PN, "A Structural Model of the Intervertebral Disc," Proceedings of Eighth Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Canada, 1981.

·         Langrana, NA, "Spatial Kinematic Study Based on a Video-Taping Method," Proceedings of Ninth Northeast Bioengineering Conference, March 1981.

·         Langrana, NA, Lee, CK, Alexander, H, and Chang, CY, Quantitative Assessment of Back Strength - Performance Indices," Proceedings of Ninth Northeast Bioengineering Conference, March 1981.

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Refereed Articles in Journals (-'80):

·         Langrana, NA, and Lee, TW, "Analysis of Dynamic Systems Using Heuristic Optimization," J Dynamics Systems, Measurement and Control, ASME Transactions, Vol. 102, 1980, pp. 35-40.

·         Schryver, HF, Bartel, DL, Langrana, NA, and Lowe, JE, "Locomotion in the Horse: Kinematics and External and Internal Forces in the Normal Equine Digit in the Walk and Trot," American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 39, 1978, pp. 1728-1733.

·         Langrana, NA, and Bartel, DL, "An Automated Method for Dynamic Analysis of Spatial Linkages for Biomechanical Applications," J. Engineering for Industry, ASME Transactions, Vol. 97, 1975, pp. 566-574.

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Other Publications (-'80):

·         Langrana, NA, Alexander, H, Massengill, J, and Weiss, AB, "Optimization of Rigidity in Fixation of Phalangeal Fractures, "Proceedings of Eighth Northeast Bioengineering conference, March 1980.

·         Langrana, NA, and Stover, CN, "Back Strength Assessment through Isokinetic Analysis, "Proceedings of the Seventh New England (Northeast) Bioengineering Conferences, March 1979.

·         Lee, TW, and Langrana, NA "Heuristic Approaches to the Inversed Dynamic Linkage Problems: With Special Application to Biomechanics", Proceedings of Fifth World Congress in Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, July 1979.

·         Langrana, NA, "The Kinematic and Force Analyses of the Upper Extremity Orthosis Systems", ASME Paper 78-DET-51.

·         Langrana, NA, and Stover, CN, "The Correlation of Clinical and Cybex Isokinetic- Isometric Assessment of Back Strength," Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference in Medicine and Biology, November 1977.

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